Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition that occurs when clots forms in the deep veins of the body. The most dangerous complication of deep vein thrombosis is pulmonary embolism (PE), which can either be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Surgery and pregnancy are the major risk factors associated with deep vein thrombosis. Pregnancy increase hormone level and slower blood flow lead to expansion of uterus and restrict blood flowing back from lower extremities responsible for deep vein thrombosis. Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis can be made with blood tests such as D-dimer test and imaging tests such as Doppler ultrasound (Duplex), contrast venogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computer tomography (CT). There are four types of treatments for deep vein thrombosis include anticoagulant, thrombolytic therapy, IVC filters (Vein Filters), and Stents. Anticoagulant such as unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin/ Lovenox, dalteparin/Fragmin, or tinzaparin/Innohep, fondaparinux/Arixtra or desirudin/Iprivask), warfarin (Coumadin and Jantoven) are the primary treatment deep vein thrombosis. Thrombolytic therapy such as tissue plasminogen activator agents (tPA) can help to dissolve the blood clot. IVC filters (Vein Filters), also known as “Greenfield filters,” is an umbrella-shaped device that is placed into the large vein, which traps blood clots and prevents deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Stents are metal meshwork tubes that are placed into a vein to keep them open.
Almost one-half million patients are hospitalized for venous thromboembolism (consist of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) each year in the United States. In Europe, there are 544,000 venous thromboembolism related death every year. Venous thromboembolism can cause a significant global economic burden. Various diagnostic tests and treatment, prolonged hospital stay, and follow-up care can be extremely costly; for instance estimated medical cost for venous thromboembolism in the U.S is $5-10 billion per year. In U.K venous thromboembolism related cost is 750 million per year. In Australia, venous thromboembolism related costs are estimated at 1.72 billion a year. In June 2017, U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved betrixaban (Portola) for the adult with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Pentasaccharides such XARELTO are novel anticoagulants may be preferred over standard therapy due to few drug interactions and no need for frequent monitoring or re-dosing.
Prominent key players operating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) market are Sandoz Inc. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC, Pfizer Inc. Baxter International Inc., West-Ward Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and others.
